Diet and Congestive 心脏衰竭
Congestive heart failure (CHF) 当心脏不能有效地泵血,不能向你的身体输送足够的氧气时,就会发生这种情况. 许多疾病会导致CHF,如高血压、心脏和肾脏疾病.
治疗慢性心力衰竭有助于预防其并发症并缓解其症状.
当你在饮食上做出一些改变时,心脏就不需要那么辛苦地工作了. If you eat too much salt or drink too much fluid, 你体内的水分含量会增加,使你的心脏工作更辛苦. This can worsen your CHF. 下面的饮食将有助于减轻你的一些症状.
Reduce the Salt in Your Diet
Enjoying what you eat is important. 即使你想吃盐,你也可以学着喜欢低盐的食物. 你的味蕾很快就会改变,你不会想念盐的. 去除盐可以把被盐隐藏的味道带出来.
尝试以下建议来减少饮食中的盐含量:
- Choose plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. They contain only small amounts of salt.
- Choose foods that are low in salt比如新鲜的肉类、家禽、鱼、干的和新鲜的豆类、鸡蛋、牛奶和酸奶. Plain rice, pasta and oatmeal are good low-sodium choices. 然而, 如果在制备过程中加入盐或其他高钠成分,钠含量会增加.
- Season with herbs, spices, herbed vinegar and fruit juices. Avoid herb or spice mixtures that contain salt or sodium. 用柠檬汁或新鲜的胡椒粉来突出自然的味道. 尝试用橙汁或菠萝汁作为腌肉的底料. See "Salt-Free Herb Blends," below, for other ideas.
- Read food labels before you buy packaged foods. 查看每份食物标签上的钠含量. Find out the number of servings in the package. 每份食物中的钠和你每天能摄入的钠总量是多少呢? 尽量选择每份钠含量低于350毫克的包装食品. It is also useful to check the list of ingredients. 如果盐或钠被列在前五种成分中,那么它的钠含量太高了.
When Checking Labels:
Use the nutrition information included on packaged foods. Be sure to notice the number of servings per container. Here are tips for using this information.
- 营养成分列表 The list covers nutrients most important to your health.
- 每日摄入量% 这个数字显示了食物如何满足2岁以下儿童的推荐营养摄入量,000 calorie reference diet. 尽量不要摄入超过100%的脂肪、胆固醇和钠.
- Daily Values Footnote 一些食品标签上列出了2000和2500卡路里的每日摄入量.
- Calories Per Gram Footnote 一些标签给出了每克脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质所含卡路里的大致数量.
- 钠含量 Always check the sodium content. 寻找每份含钠量低于350毫克的食物.
When Cooking or Preparing Food:
- 改掉这个习惯. Remove the salt shaker from the kitchen counter and table. 1/8茶匙的“盐奶昔”会在你的菜中添加超过250毫克的钠.
- 要有创意. 不用加盐,而是用香草和香料、大蒜、洋葱和柑橘汁来提味. See the recipes for salt-free herb blends, below.
- Be a low-salt cook. 在大多数食谱中,你可以减少50%的盐,甚至完全不加盐. 你可以不加盐地烘烤、烤、烤、煮、蒸或微波食物. 不要急于在煮意大利面、米饭、谷物和蔬菜的水中加盐. It is an easy way to cut back on sodium.
- Be careful with condiments. High-sodium condiments include various flavored salts, 柠檬胡椒, 蒜盐, 洋葱盐, meat tenderizers, flavor enhancers, 清汤立方体, 番茄酱, 芥末, steak sauce and soy sauce.
- Stay away from hidden salt. Canned and processed foods, 比如肉汁, 速溶麦片, packaged noodles and potato mixes, 橄榄, 泡菜, soups and vegetables are high in salt. Choose the frozen item instead; or better yet, choose fresh foods when you can. 奶酪, cured meats (such as bacon, 博洛尼亚, hot dogs and sausages), 快餐和冷冻食品也可能含有大量的钠.
When Eating Out:
低钠饮食并不会破坏餐馆用餐的乐趣. 然而, you will have to be careful when ordering. Here are some tips for meals away from home:
- Move the salt shaker to another table. 要一个柠檬角或者带上你自己的香草来增加食物的味道.
- 识别菜单上可能表示高钠含量的术语: pickled, au jus, soy sauce or in broth.
- 选择生蔬菜或新鲜水果,而不是咸的零食.
- Go easy on condiments such as 芥末, 番茄酱, 泡菜 and tartar sauce. Choose lettuce, onions and tomatoes. Remember that bacon and cheeses are high in sodium.
- 要求厨师在准备食物时不加盐或味精. 或者要求在旁边放些酱汁和沙拉酱,因为它们的钠含量通常很高. 做沙拉的时候,可以加点柠檬,撒点醋,或者淋点沙拉酱.
Salt-Free Herb Blends
Instead of seasoning your food with salt, 用这些无盐的药草和香料组合来增强食物的味道. To make 1/2 cup, combine the ingredients in a jar. Cover tightly and shake. Keep in a cool, dry place. Then rub or sprinkle them on food for flavor.
中国5-Spice
For chicken, fish or pork:
- 1/4 cup ground ginger
- 2 tablespoons of each: ground cinnamon, ground cloves
- 1 tablespoon of each: ground allspice, anise seeds
混合药草
沙拉、意面沙拉、蒸蔬菜、蔬菜汤或鱼:
- 1/4 cup dried parsley flakes
- 2 tablespoons dried tarragon
- 干牛至、莳萝、芹菜片各一汤匙
意大利的混合
番茄汤、意大利面、鸡肉、披萨、佛卡夏和香草面包:
- 干罗勒,干马郁兰,百里香,碎干各2汤匙 rosemary, crushed red pepper
- 1 tablespoon of each: garlic powder, dried oregano
易浸混合
用于与白干酪、酸奶或低脂酸奶油混合:
- 1/2 cup dried dill weed
- 干香葱、蒜粉、干柠檬皮和干山萝卜各一汤匙
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