肺部病人的检查
Lung transplant candidates undergo a battery of tests including:
动脉血气(ABG)
An arterial blood gas measures the amount of oxygen that your blood is able to carry to your body tissues. This is performed by placing a needle into an artery in your wrist. This procedure takes about five minutes and there are no dietary limitations.
血液检测
Blood samples are required for both routine and specialized testing. Specimens are sent for blood chemistries including potassium, 钠, 胆固醇, 甘油三酸酯, 肝功能检查和其他电解质检查. A complete blood count is obtained to determine whether you have an infection or anemia. Blood levels are obtained for information on whether you have been infected with a variety of diseases, 包括单纯疱疹, HIV和其他病毒. This test entails the pain of a needle stick and takes 15 minutes to complete. 在这项研究之前你不应该吃东西.
计算机断层扫描(CT扫描)
A chest CT is a picture taken of horizontal slices of your chest and the computer projection of these pictures. The chest CT provides detailed images of the structure of your chest. 这些图像与你的胸部x光片进行比较. Chest CT assists with detection of problems of the chest not easily found on chest X-ray. Occasionally, the use of an injected contrast material is required. This test entails the pain of a needle stick and takes 60 minutes to complete. 在这项研究之前你不应该吃东西.
超声心动图(回声)
An echocardiogram is an ultrasound study that evaluates the impact of lung disease on the mechanics of your heart. It examines the chambers, valves, aorta and the wall motion of your heart. This testing also can provide information concerning the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. 这个测试是无痛的,只需30分钟即可完成. 这项研究没有饮食限制.
心电图(心电图)
心电图检查是一个10分钟的无痛过程, which is performed by placing six electrodes on your chest and one electrode on each of your four limbs. A recording of the electrical activity of your heart is obtained which provides information about the rate and rhythm of your heart. This test requires 15 minutes to complete and there is no dietary limitation.
肺功能检查(PFTs)
肺功能检查 measure lung volume and the rate of airflow through your lungs. 这些都是无痛的测试,只需30分钟即可完成. 没有饮食限制. 此测试在诊断症状时很有用, 确定治疗的潜在疗效, suggesting the severity of a lung disease and following the course of a lung illness and its response to therapy.
一个完整的PFT有三个部分. 最基本的是螺旋图. 在这个测试中, the patient blows into the testing apparatus as rapidly and as hard as possible for as long as possible. 准确的测试需要两次良好的试验. This test measures airflow and may detect the presence and severity of such obstructive airways diseases as asthma. 如果螺旋图异常, a bronchodilator medication usually is given and the spirogram is repeated. Any improvement after inhaling the bronchodilator agent suggests the patient may benefit from ongoing medication.
肺容量测定是第二个组成部分. 这不是一个强迫的策略. The patient breathes a special gas mixture with a normal respiratory effort for about three minutes and then slowly exhales. 通过数学计算, it is possible to determine not only the volume of gas in the lung, but also to subdivide the total volume of gas in the lung into clinically useful compartments. If there is less then the normal amount of gas in the lung, a restrictive disease such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be suggested.
扩散能力是第三部分. 在这个测试中, the patient exhales fully, then breathes in another special mixture of gas. A component of this gas mixture rapidly diffuses from the airway into the blood. When the patient exhales after about 10 seconds of breath holding, the expired breath is collected in an airtight bag and analyzed. The results of the diffusion capacity test relate to the body's ability to extract oxygen from the lungs. It is the most difficult of the PFTs to interpret accurately but a low diffusion capacity often signals advanced disease in patients with emphysema or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
放射学研究(x光)
放射学研究需要使用x射线. 最常见的是胸部x光检查. 胸部x光片(CXR)是无痛的, 三分钟的过程, which takes an internal picture of your chest including the lungs, 肋骨, 心脏和你胸腔大血管的轮廓. A chest X-ray can aid in diagnosing infection, collapsed lung, hyperinflation or tumors. This is a painless test that takes 30 minutes to complete and there are no dietary limitations.
通气灌注扫描(肺扫描,V/Q扫描)
A ventilation perfusion scan is a test that compares right and left lung function. You will be injected with a small amount of radioactive material and then asked to inhale (through a mask) a radioactive gas that is distributed throughout your lungs. 气体呼出正常. We expect your left lung to have a little bit less perfusion and less ventilation than the right lung because the left lung is smaller. This test entails the pain of a needle stick and takes 60 minutes to complete. 在这项研究之前你不应该吃东西.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.